home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
- $Unique_ID{BRK03438}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Alagille Syndrome}
- $Subject{Alagille Syndrome Cholestasis with Peripheral Pulmonary Stenosis
- Arteriohepatic Dysplasia AHD Syndromatic Hepatic Ductular Hypoplasia Zellweger
- Syndrome Cholestasis-Lymphedema Syndrome Byler Disease Alpha-1-Antitrypsin
- Deficiency}
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1987, 1990 National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc.
-
- 473
- Alagille Syndrome
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible the main title of the article (Alagille Syndrome) is not
- the name you expected. Please check the SYNONYMS listing on the next page to
- find alternate names, disorder subdivisions, and related disorders covered by
- this article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- Cholestasis with Peripheral Pulmonary Stenosis
- Arteriohepatic Dysplasia
- AHD
- Syndromatic Hepatic Ductular Hypoplasia
-
- Information on the following diseases can be found in the Related
- Disorders section of this report:
-
- Zellweger Syndrome
- Cholestasis-Lymphedema Syndrome
- Byler Disease
- Alpha-1-Antitrypsin Deficiency
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
- section of this report.
-
- Alagille Syndrome is a genetic liver disorder usually present at birth.
- It is characterized by insufficient passage of bile due to a lower than
- normal number of bile ducts inside the liver. In some cases the child may be
- born with no bile ducts. Major symptoms include prolonged yellow skin
- discoloration (jaundice), eye and heart structure anomalies, abnormally
- shaped vertebrae of the spine, compression of nerve space inside the lower
- spine, an absence of deep tendon reflexes, mental deficiency, facial
- abnormalities, and shortened fingers.
-
- Symptoms
-
- Alagille Syndrome is characterized by slowed bile passage due to an absence,
- or fewer than normal bile ducts inside the liver. Prolonged yellow skin
- discoloration (jaundice) is usually present at birth. Various physical
- abnormalities accompany the liver malformation including eye structure
- changes, abnormalities of heart valves and arteries, abnormally shaped
- "butterfly" vertebrae, compression of nerve space inside the lower spine,
- absence of deep tendon reflexes, and mental retardation. The face is marked
- by a broad forehead, a straight nose with a bulbous tip, deep-set eyes spaced
- widely apart, and a small pointed jaw. Fingers may be shorter than normal.
- Symptoms of Alagille Syndrome can range from mild to severe.
-
- Causes
-
- The exact cause of Alagille Syndrome is not known. It is believed to be
- inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. (Human traits including the
- classic genetic diseases, are the product of the interaction of two genes for
- that condition, one received from the father and one from the mother. In
- dominant disorders, a single copy of the disease gene (received from either
- the mother or father) will be expressed "dominating" the normal gene and
- resulting in appearance of the disease. The risk of transmitting the
- disorder from affected parent to offspring is 50% for each pregnancy
- regardless of the sex of the resulting child.)
-
- Affected Population
-
- Alagille Syndrome is a rare disorder which often affects more than one person
- in a family and many generations of an affected family.
-
- Related Disorders
-
- Symptoms of the following disorders can be similar to those of Alagille
- Syndrome. Comparisons may be useful for a differential diagnosis:
-
- Zellweger Syndrome is a rare hereditary disorder affecting infants. It
- is characterized by reduction or absence of peroxisomes in the cells of the
- liver, kidneys and brain. Unusual problems in prenatal development, an
- enlarged liver, high levels of iron and copper in the blood, and vision
- disturbances are among the major manifestations of this disorder. (For more
- information on this disorder, choose "Zellweger" as your search term in the
- Rare Disease Database.)
-
- Cholestasis-Lymphedema Syndrome is a genetic liver disorder characterized
- by blockage of bile and yellow discoloration of the skin (jaundice) at birth,
- which tends to recur throughout life. Swelling occurs in the legs due to
- underdevelopment of lymphatic vessels usually at around five or six years of
- age.
-
- Byler Disease is a genetic liver disorder which is characterized by an
- early onset with loose, foul smelling stools, yellow discoloration of the
- skin (jaundice), an enlarged liver and spleen, and dwarfism. Symptoms are
- caused by an error in conjugated bile salt metabolism. This disorder is
- inherited as an autosomal recessive trait which means that both parents must
- carry the gene in order for a child to be affected.
-
- Alpha-1-Antitrypsin Deficiency is an inherited deficiency of a
- glycoprotein of blood serum, which may be moderate or severe. This
- deficiency allows proteolytic enzymes to attack various body tissues.
- Emphysema or liver abnormalities may be caused by or associated with this
- deficiency. (For more information on this disorder, choose "Alpha-1-
- Antitrypsin" as your search term in the Rare Disease Database.)
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- Treatment of Alagille Syndrome is symptomatic and supportive. Genetic
- counseling is recommended for patients and their families.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through March
- 1990. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to keep every
- entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and accurate. Please
- check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for the most current
- information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on Alagille Syndrome, please contact:
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 746-6518
-
- American Liver Foundation
- 998 Pomptom Ave.
- Cedar Grove, NJ 07009
- (201) 857-2626
- (800) 223-0179
-
- The United Liver Foundation
- 11646 West Pico Blvd.
- Los Angeles, CA 90064
- (213) 445-4204 or 445-4200
-
- Children's Liver Foundation
- 14245 Ventura Blvd.
- Sherman Oaks, CA 91423
- (818) 906-3021
-
- National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse
- Box NDDIC
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 468-6344
-
- For information on genetics and genetic counseling referrals, please
- contact:
-
- March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation
- 1275 Mamaroneck Avenue
- White Plains, NY 10605
- (914) 428-7100
-
- Alliance of Genetic Support Groups
- 35 Wisconsin Circle, Suite 440
- Chevy Chase, MD 20815
- (800) 336-GENE
- (301) 652-5553
-
- References
-
- ARTERIOHEPATIC DYSPLASIA (ALAGILLE SYNDROME): EXTREME VARIABILITY AMONG
- AFFECTED FAMILY MEMBERS: S.A. Shulman, et al.; Am J Med Genet (October 1984,
- issue 19(2)). Pp. 325-332.
-
- POSSIBLE DEFECT IN THE BILE SECRETORY APPARATUS IN ARTERIOHEPATIC
- DYSPLASIA (ALAGILLE'S SYNDROME): A REVIEW WITH OBSERVATIONS ON THE
- ULTRASTRUCTURE OF LIVER: P. Valencia-Mayoral, et al.; Hepatology (July-
- August 1984, issue 4(4)). Pp. 691-698.
-
- MENDELIAN INHERITANCE IN MAN, 7th ed.: Victor A. McKusick; Johns Hopkins
- University Press, 1986. Pp. 140-141.
-
-